Mutations and Applied Genetics

Syllabus tag: KCSE | Biology | Form 4 | Topic 1 Genetics

Lesson objectives

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

• Define mutation and distinguish gene from chromosomal mutations.
• Describe named human mutations and their effects.
• Explain the causes of mutation and the role of mutagens.
• Describe the applications of genetics in breeding and biotechnology.

Summary

A mutation is a sudden change in the genetic material. Gene mutations alter a single gene, as in sickle cell anaemia and albinism; chromosomal mutations alter chromosome number or structure, as in Down's syndrome. Most mutations are harmful or neutral, but the rare beneficial ones are the raw material of evolution.