Notes
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Advantages of computers:
� Speed
� Accuracy
� Consistency
� Memory capability
� Processing capability
Some of the areas that computers are used include:
� Communication
� Banking
� Organizational management
� Science, research and engineering
� Education
� Management of information materials
� Manufacturing and production
� Entertainment
� Retailing
� Home appliances
� Reservation systems
� Health care and medicine
Computers can be classified in different ways as shown below:
By processing - This is based on how the computer represents and processes the data.
a) Digital computers
b) Analog computers
c) Hybrid computers
By purpose - This is a classification based on the use to which the computer is put.
i. Special purpose
ii. General-purpose
Classification by generation - This is a time-based classification coinciding with technological
advances.
a) First generation.
b) Second generation.
c) Third generation.
d) Fourth generation.
e) Fifth generation.
Classification by power and size/ configuration
a) Supercomputers.
b) Mainframe computers.
c) Minicomputers.
d) Microcomputers.
Components of systems
� Inputs
� Processes
� Outputs
� Systems Boundary
� Subsystems
� Environment
Elements of control include:
- Goal: This is the expected performance, plan or results.
- Sensor: Measures actual performance.
- Comparator: Compares expected results to actual results obtained.
- Effector: Reports deviation and initiates the response which may lead to a redirection of
activity, revision of the expectation or changing the plan.
